John Stuart Mill s Moral Theory Of Utilitarianism

John Stuart Mill wrote on his moral theory of Utilitarianism, which many have refuted by explaining that it failed to respect the dignity and worth of human beings. Mills theory of utility bases an actions morality on its ability to create the maximum amount of happiness. Happiness as described by Mill, is the maximization of pleasure over grief. Some critics have even said that Mill’s theory degraded humans to swine as it belittled morals to come from pleasures of the body that even animals had. Mill defended his theory by stating that human happiness is much more complex than that of swine. I do not believe that Mill’s defense was particularly convincing, and many facets of his theory continue to degrade the dignity, values, and worth of humans. Mill responds to this claim that his theory degrades humans in the very beginning of the chapter as he states, â€Å"Human beings have faculties more elevated than the animal appetites and, when made conscious of them, do not regard anything as happiness which does not include their gratification.† Mill explains that the Epicureans, who preceded him were utilitarian’s but lacked this essential part of their argument. Although he does explain that where they lack in explanation in their arguments, they did make great use of the higher valued pleasures such as intellect above mere sensations. Mill enhances his argument by emphasizing the superiority of mental pleasures over bodily. This is not convincing to me because it is veryShow MoreRelatedThe Contributions Of John Stuart Mill1250 Words   |  5 PagesJohn Stuart Mill was a British philosopher who was born on May 20, 1806 in London, England, to Harriet Burrow and James Mill, a noted economist, philosopher and histori an. James Mill was an educated man who was heavily involved in an early 19th century movement called philosophic radicalism, a school of thought also known as Utilitarianism, which highlighted the demand for a scientific foundation for philosophy, as well as a humanist approach to economics politics. It was this foundation fromRead MoreUtilitarianism, By John Stuart Mill And Utilitarianism880 Words   |  4 PagesMoral theories are sometimes hard to define, but with John Stuart Mill and Utilitarianism it is a little bit easier. Utilitarianism is an easy one, for the reason that it is defined by the greatest happiness for everyone involved. Sometimes it does not always make everyone content, but if you look at it as a whole it makes sense. Mill says that we have to look at the bigger picture. One person’s happiness affects another’s and so on. Utilitarianism is a moral theory that John Stuart Mill, the philosopherRead MoreJohn Forbes Nash Jr.912 Words   |  4 Pa gesJohn Forbes Nash Jr. and John Stuart Mill were both very important economist. John Forbes Nash Jr. was an American mathematician, and an economist. John Mill was a British Philosopher, economist, moral and political theorist, and was the most influential English-speaking philosopher in the nineteenth century. John Forbes Nash Jr. and John Stuart Mill were both very intelligent as young children. John Stuart Mill learned to read as a toddler and began to study Latin at the age of three. John ForbesRead MoreAn Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation by Jeremey Bentham.1026 Words   |  5 PagesWhat is Utilitarianism? I believe that utilitarianism is the theory in which actions are right if they produce happiness and wrong if they don’t produce happiness. Happiness is what every human being look forward to. When making a decision, all possible outcomes must be ensured that it will lead to happiness. Utilitarianism is based on the principle of utility .Utilit y is the ability to be useful while satisfying needs. Utilitarianism is generally considered a moral theory that was found by JeremeyRead More Immanuel Kants Ethics Of Pure Duty and John Stuart Mills Utilitarian Ethics Of Justice2753 Words   |  12 PagesGrounding For The Metaphysics of Morals and John Stuart Mills Utilitarianism Immanuel Kant and John Stuart Mill are philosophers who addressed the issues of morality in terms of how moral traditions are formed. Immanuel Kant has presented one viewpoint in The Grounding For The Metaphysics of Morals that is founded on his belief that the worth of man is inherent in his ability to reason. John Stuart Mill holds another opinion as presented in the book, Utilitarianism that is seemingly in contentionRead MoreUtilitarianism And The Political And Economic Aspects Of Development1493 Words   |  6 PagesUtilitarianism in the political and economic aspects of development has been widely recognized and human social practice plays a huge impact. But the utilitarian always at the place of criticism, misunderstanding. People tend to equate utilitarianism simply with individualism. In fact, the means of utilitarianism not only consider a behaviour and motivation, and to emphasize life purpose should emerge to the scope of his own happiness, to care about other people s h appiness and the improvement ofRead MoreJohn Stuart Mill s On Liberty And Utilitarianism Essay2257 Words   |  10 PagesThis essay examines and inspects liberty and order conflict based on the writings of philosopher John Stuart Mill, titled On Liberty and Utilitarianism. We will discuss how his philosophical views on equality as fundamental to what it means to be human. We will interpret John Stuart Mill’s theorist view on equality as fundamental to the good or bad functioning of the state? The question and debate we would also raise will be, is equality be integral the arrangements of power? Lastly, we wouldRead MoreUse Of Consequentialism, Desire Satisfaction Theory And Objective List Theory1345 Words   |  6 PagesConsequentialism is an approach to Ethics that argues that the morality of an action is reliant on the action s consequence (Mastin, 2008). This theory is based on two main principles, first, that the rightness or wrongness of an act depends solely on th e results of it and secondly, that the better act is the one that produces more good as a consequence. What is meant by consequence here is everything that a certain action brings about, including the action itself. The good end required by an actionRead MoreEssay Kant vs. Mill: Human Rights and Utilitarianism1729 Words   |  7 Pagesshaped by several factors, including philosophical theories in the past. This paper looks at the theories of two philosophers, Emmanuel Kant and John Stuart Mills, and how their teachings can be used to explain the sources of human rights. Kant’s moral philosophy is very direct in its justification of human rights, especially the ideals of moral autonomy and equality as applied to rational human beings. John Stuart Mills’ theory of utilitarianism also forms a solid basis for human rights, especiallyRead MoreThe Mill By John Stuart Mill1537 Words   |  7 PagesJohn Stuart Mill was a famous philosopher and historian. Jeremy Bentham who a dvocated for utilitarianism just like Mill influenced much of Mill’s works. Mill’s works were also greatly influenced by Jeremy Bentham’s brother, Samuel and Mill’s father, James. Mill had many early works prior to his writings on utilitarianism. Mill discusses how to determine right and wrong, but this seems to be an ongoing conflict. Mill believes that in order to prove goodness you must have ethical morals lined up in

Pros and Cons of the Exclusionary Rule Essay Example

Essays on Pros and Cons of the Exclusionary Rule Essay The paper "Pros and Cons of the Exclusionary Rule" is a perfect example of an essay on law. The exclusionary act effectively prevents all sorts of illegal evidence that may lead to imprisonment. The exclusionary act can be considered as â€Å"the only effective tool the judicial branch has to check against illegal searches conducted by police after a crime† (Writing, 2011). The motivation for illegal investigations is obviated when new evidence is denied its way to the court.On the other hand, when something is rejected, the prosecutors have to assemble a lot of evidence because of the exclusionary rule. Consequentially, trials are delayed and the frequency of plea bargains rises which does not happen without additional expenses. Addressing the Supreme Court, Justice Scalia wrote that because of the exclusionary rule, a costly toll is created which is against the enforcement of law and as a result of which, social costs are greatly increased (Writing, 2011). Violence always ex ists whether or not it is discovered in an illegal manner. Many criminals that are guilty of offense roam about the town just because sufficient evidence could not be produced at the trial. The exclusionary rule is in the US but not in the UK. Although the exclusionary rule says, â€Å"no object may be used in court as evidence if obtained illegally or without a proper search warrant† (Oracle ThinkQuest, n.d.). yet jury in the US hardly gets a cop convicted of obtaining the evidence by illegal means. Therefore, the English way does not suit the US. Nevertheless, I personally am against the exclusionary rule and appreciate the way cases are handled in the UK. It is hard to see a criminal moving around free when we are sure he/she did the offense.

Blood Relations Notes free essay sample

Actress (Nance O’Neil) was believed by Emma to have a bad reputation for Lizzie * 6 years after Jekyll and Hyde * Major Theme – Oct 25 * Identity + identification (sympathy) * â€Å"What goes around comes around† **MAJOR THEME * Circularity + repetition + reciprocity * Justice * Criticism of how the domestic is overlooks * Gender/social expectations and critique * Related to how the laundry is overlooked and not important * Ambiguity and challenging youth * Juxtaposition * Freedom + trapped – carousel and mask Appearance on reality – carousel and mask * Childhood vs. adulthood – carousel and mask * Masculine vs. feminine * Family * Identity * How domestic is overlooked * Gender expectations * Relationship between family * Lizzie and her father * Effectiveness of readers * How we judge the characters * Theme: Oct 18 * Have juxtapositioning * between theme of family and isolation * masculine vs. feminine * Family * Love-Hate (for Father and Emma) * What family can do * Influence of parents on their children * Stereotypical family * Aggressive father (who favors one child) Evil stepmother * â€Å"good† girl * Pollock’s emphasis creates friction between Emma and Lizzie that is somewhat artificial (no specific evidence that they had that tension) * Partially fictional because Emma always supported Lizzie * â€Å"bad† girl * Isolation and Desperation (direct proportional between these two) * Largely responsible for creating the sympathy for Lizzie * Desire for independence * Critique of gender roles and societal expectations * She wanted to be more independent and her father wouldn’t let her. We will write a custom essay sample on Blood Relations Notes or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page See Lizzie as victim and villain (Pollock want Lizzie to be seen more as a victim) * Appearance vs. Reality * We’re looking from a point where the Actress is trying to be Lizzie and what she thinks what happened * From Actress’s interpretation of what happened * In terms of reputations as well * Communication and silence and secrets (ties closely to family and isolation) * Creates further isolation between family due to secretes * Collage: * Actual fact * Heresay, rumour and gossip * Real characters out of context (Emma, Harry Wingate changed) * Made up details and characters (Pigeons, Dr. Patrick) Lizzie| Emma| * *Different than most girls * +Very strong-willed * *+Daddy’s girl * +Selfish * *Anxious (scared) * +Out spoken * Loves animals * Capable of caring and compassion * +Manipulative * +Territorial * *Unhappy * +Self-righteous * **She feels trapped/powerless * **She is ignored more she wants attention * * **Isolated (brings this onto herself) * Lizzie is a stereotypical bully * She doesn’t feel good enough to deserve love and affection from her father, so she acts out and emands love because of fear * Incredibly vulnerable | * Prevents father from giving in to Lizzie * Doesn’t insist on her right to be heard, and power * Constantly struggling for power but doesn’t want power * â€Å"good girl† * | *feels sorry for her. **important points. */** lack of power and control. +associated with power and control. * â€Å"Daddy’s girl† can be both. Her desire to be powerful is impeded by her father. But she also wants him to be happy. * He is most happy when she gives up her power. But she wants him to be happy so she gives up her power * Trapped, selfish and vulnerable are the most important characteristics * Can be really dangers and unpredictable * Lizzie asks for a house, jobs, farm, etc. to try to release tension of trapped + selfish + vulnerable to avoid getting to a point of danger (murder) * P. 62~ shift of wanting to die her being unique and â€Å"precious and unique† and she deserves to live (big shift of emotions) * Lizzie is capable of making decision, plan it through and she is aware of the choices she makes. Trying to justify her action. That her life is better than theirs. * â€Å"You’re a coward† – she made her decision and is trying to get him to approve and back up her decision * She wanted him to leave so that she can go through with her plan because she knows he won’t help her. * Both Lizzie and Emma are victims (Lizzie and Emma’s conversation p. 49-51) * Emma : knows they’re going to lose the fight. * Lizzie wants Emma to convince her father that they are â€Å"real people† * Emma is okay with living being trapped and Lizzie wants her freedom.

Crime Place and Pollution The Social Activists

Question: Describe about the Crime Place and Pollution for The Social Activists. Answer: Summarising Assessment 1 Lisa Millers article titled Black Activists Dont Ignore Crime was published in The New York Times[1] was a strong rebuke on the social activists who advocate the atrocities and brutalities committed by the police on the black population of America, without taking into account the factual position of the social structure under which such crimes are being committed by the black people. These social activists are also looking at one side of the coin and are not actually taking into consideration the purpose of these crimes and the reason why only black people are involved, (Eck Eck, 2012). A large number of social organisations have come into existence at the grass-root level but most of these have been founded by bereaved black women related to a victim of the hate-crime, as this is known in the social circles, political arenas and administrative beehives. One such movement, known as Mothers in Charge, though is relatively a small organisation, but it is gaining support in Los Angeles, St. Louis and many other cities. But the irony is that such activism dies out a natural death and is rarely seen under the national headlines. Even if it does grab a few headlines, like the Mothers Against Senseless Killings, a Chicago based anti-violence group, the coverage is usually short lived, (Eck Eck, 2012). The biggest reason why these groups are able to grab so little attention is because the communities which start the protest against violence, have been generally found to be lacking in economic and political resources which are so essential for engaging with the elite news media or for hiring state level lobbyists or at the national level. The access factor of these small groups is restricted to the level of the local mayors staff or the city council members, the district attorneys or other city officials, (Eck Eck, 2012). Analysing the Article In the summary provided above, the full impact of the article and its contents cannot be ascertained. It was also noted that the article in itself was not covering all the concerned aspects of the topic, which gives the impression that the article is about the grievances, problems and social hardships being faced by the black people in America. I do agree with this. The article does, in all its reflective references, concentrate only on the plight and deprivation of the black community. It should have given a better insight into the living conditions, the economic hardships and the social inequalities being faced by this community. Moreover, a more detailed outline and comparison should have been drawn between the black community and the white community. Also necessary was a comparison between the life style of the white community and the black communities, (Sparrow, 2000). I have come across an article titled Knowledge Transfer in Action: Crime Reduction through a Regulatory Approach written by James Royan[2] and John E. Eck[3]. As the name of the article suggests, the authors have tried to present a retrospective view of the authorities when dealing with criminal activities in a civilised society. I could easily related their views with my learnings from my course work on The Meaning of Crime: Social Structure Perspective. In this course work, I got the opportunity to learn about the impact which the environment, socialization and our surroundings are able to create on the criminality in our social structure, (Sparrow, 2000). On the same note, Royan and Eck have touched upon the four main perspectives which are prevailing in contemporary criminology: Legalistic Legally, crime is considered to be that human conduct which is in violation of the criminal laws of a state or federal government or of a provincial or local jurisdiction which has the power to make these laws. Political Politically, crime is considered in terms of the power structures which are existent in the society. In this context, all Criminal Laws of the land are not related to the popular notions of right and wrong which are inherent in the society. Sociological Sociology defines crime as an antisocial act which needs to be repressed in order to preserve the existing system of social harmony. Psychological Psychologists believe that crime is a behavioural problem, which raises the difficulties which are contrary to the broader and acceptable social arrangements of the society, (Grabosky, 2011). I have come across statistical lapses which are encountered while collecting data. It was noticed that only those crimes are included in the UCR (Uniform Crime Reporting Survey), which are reported to police. Sexual assault was the most unreported crime in UCR and was showing the inconsistency in the reporting methods of the police. The police only resorted to counting of the incidents of crime. Hence, these resulted in Dark Figure of Crime which considered of unreported and under-reported criminal activities in the society, (Grabosky, 2011). Conclusion It is not out of place to mention that there are Three Main Theoretical Positions connected with crime Social Structure Perspective Crime is considered to be the result of an individuals location within the social structure. Social Process Perspective Crime results from the inappropriate socialization and learning process of the individual. Social Conflict Perspective Crime happens because of the individuals struggle within the group and class to which it belongs. This leads us to believe that crime has three main categories: Violent Crimes Property Crimes Crimes which are against public order In conclusion, it will not be inappropriate to say that crime cannot be discussed singularly, but has to be considered in the whole perspective of the social fibre of the society. We must take into consideration all the six elements discussed in the conclusion while taking any decision with regard to a specific section of the society. List of References: Eck, J. E., Eck, E. B. (2012). Crime place and pollution: Expanding crime reduction options through a regulatory approach. Criminology and Public Policy 11(2): 281-316. Grabosky, P. (2011). On the interface of criminal justice and regulation. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. Sparrow, M. (2000). The regulatory craft: Controlling risks, solving problems, and managing compliance. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press.